11ĭespite these data, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying variations in retinal vascular caliber are unclear. 9, 10 Association between retinal vascular caliber and ocular disease, such as glaucoma, have also been reported. 3 – 8 Larger retinal venular caliber has been reported to predict progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in persons with type 1 diabetes. 1, 2 Generalized narrowing of retinal arterioles, for example, has been associated with incident stroke, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, independent of other risk factors. Recent studies have shown that changes in retinal vascular caliber may predict a range of cardiovascular diseases, independent of established risk factors. The retinal circulation allows one to visualize the microcirculation and investigate its relationship to systemic and ocular diseases.
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